LNMP是由Linux操作系统、Nginx中间件、MySQL数据库、PHP脚本语言四大开源免费产品组合而成的Web服务框架，早前网站已分享过Nginx、MySQL、PHP单独编译安装教程，或许有些朋友仍不清楚怎么使用，今天给大家分享完整的LNMP使用配置方法。
LNMP实验环境
操作系统：CentOS 7.7
主机地址：192.168.168.21
Nginx：1.16.1
MySQL：5.7.28
PHP：7.4.1
Zlib：1.2.11
Pcre：8.43
OpenSSL：1.0.2u
LNMP安装篇
第一步 安装依赖包
[root@wanghualang ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@wanghualang ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake wget vim make cmake openssl-devel bison-devel ncurses-devel libsqlite3x-devel oniguruma-devel curl-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libicu-devel libsodium-devel
第二步 下载、解压源码包
[root@wanghualang ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@wanghualang src]# wget --no-check-certificate http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# wget --no-check-certificate https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.43.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# wget --no-check-certificate http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# wget --no-check-certificate https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.1.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# wget --no-check-certificate https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2t.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# wget --no-check-certificate https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.28.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# tar xzf pcre-8.43.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# tar xzf php-7.4.1.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# tar xzf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# tar xzf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# tar xzf openssl-1.0.2u.tar.gz [root@wanghualang src]# tar xzf mysql-boost-5.7.28.tar.gz
第三步 新建用户组、用户
[root@wanghualang ~]# groupadd nginx [root@wanghualang ~]# groupadd mysql [root@wanghualang ~]# useradd nginx -M -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin [root@wanghualang ~]# useradd mysql -M -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin
第四步 编译安装Nginx（按需添加更多功能模块）
[root@wanghualang ~]# cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.16.1 [root@wanghualang nginx-1.16.1]# ./configure \
--user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.43 \ --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.2u \ --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_mp4_module \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_v2_module
[root@wanghualang nginx-1.16.1]# make [root@wanghualang nginx-1.16.1]# make install
第五步 配置Nginx启动服务脚本、开机启动
[root@wanghualang ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig: 2345 55 25
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
NAME=nginx
NGINX_BIN=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/$NAME
CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/nginx/conf/$NAME.conf
PIDFILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid
if [ -s /bin/ss ]; then
StatBin=/bin/ss
else
StatBin=/bin/netstat
fi
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting $NAME... "
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx;then
echo "$NAME (pid `pidof $NAME`) already running."
exit 1
fi
$NGINX_BIN -c $CONFIGFILE
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stoping $NAME... "
if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
echo "$NAME is not running."
exit 1
fi
$NGINX_BIN -s stop
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed. Use force-quit"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
status)
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
PID=`pidof nginx`
echo "$NAME (pid $PID) is running..."
else
echo "$NAME is stopped."
exit 0
fi
;;
force-quit|kill)
echo -n "Terminating $NAME... "
if ! $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
echo "$NAME is is stopped."
exit 1
fi
kill `pidof $NAME`
if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
echo " failed"
exit 1
else
echo " done"
fi
;;
restart)
$0 stop
sleep 1
$0 start
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reload service $NAME... "
if $StatBin -tnpl | grep -q nginx; then
$NGINX_BIN -s reload
echo " done"
else
echo "$NAME is not running, can't reload."
exit 1
fi
;;
configtest)
echo -n "Test $NAME configure files... "
$NGINX_BIN -t
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|configtest|force-quit|kill}"
exit 1
;;
esac
[root@wanghualang ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx [root@wanghualang ~]# chkconfig --add nginx [root@wanghualang ~]# chkconfig nginx on
第六步 编译安装MySQL（按需添加更多功能模块）
[root@wanghualang ~]# cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.28 [root@wanghualang mysql-5.7.28]# cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.28/boost/boost_1_59_0
[root@wanghualang mysql-5.7.28]# make [root@wanghualang mysql-5.7.28]# make install
第七步 优化数据库配置（4G内存优化方案，仅供参考）
[root@wanghualang ~]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak [root@wanghualang ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
port=3306
bind_address=127.0.0.1
binlog_cache_size=128K
thread_stack=256K
join_buffer_size=2048K
query_cache_type=1
max_heap_table_size=512M
pid-file=/tmp/mysql.pid
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
skip-external-locking
performance_schema_max_table_instances=400
table_definition_cache=400
key_buffer_size=384M
max_allowed_packet=100G
table_open_cache=384
sort_buffer_size=1024K
net_buffer_length=8K
read_buffer_size=1024K
read_rnd_buffer_size=768K
myisam_sort_buffer_size=16M
thread_cache_size=128
query_cache_size=192M
tmp_table_size=512M
sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
#skip-networking
max_connections=300
max_connect_errors=100
open_files_limit=65535
#log-bin=mysql-bin
#binlog_format=mixed
server-id=1
expire_logs_days=10
slow_query_log=1
slow-query-log-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time=3
#log_queries_not_using_indexes=on
early-plugin-load=""
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_data_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_log_buffer_size=32M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=90
innodb_read_io_threads=2
innodb_write_io_threads=2
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet=16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size=64M
sort_buffer_size=1M
read_buffer=2M
write_buffer=2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
第八步 修改MySQL数据库目录、配置文件权限
[root@wanghualang ~]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf [root@wanghualang ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
第九步 配置MySQL数据库环境变量
[root@wanghualang ~]# echo "export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"" >> /etc/profile [root@wanghualang ~]# source /etc/profile
第十步 配置MySQL启动服务脚本、开机启动
[root@wanghualang ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@wanghualang ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@wanghualang ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@wanghualang ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
第十一步 初始化MySQL数据库
[root@wanghualang ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
第十二步 编译安装PHP（按需添加更多功能模块）
[root@wanghualang ~]# cd /usr/local/src/php-7.4.1 [root@wanghualang php-7.4.1]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \ --enable-mysqlnd \ --enable-xml \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --enable-mbregex \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-intl \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-soap \ --enable-opcache \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-gd \ --with-fpm-user=nginx \ --with-fpm-group=nginx \ --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with-iconv-dir \ --with-freetype \ --with-jpeg \ --with-zlib \ --with-libxml \ --with-curl \ --with-openssl \ --with-mhash \ --with-xmlrpc \ --with-gettext \ --with-sodium \ --disable-fileinfo \ --disable-rpath \ --disable-debug
[root@wanghualang ~]# make [root@wanghualang ~]# make install
第十三步 创建PHP配置文件
[root@wanghualang ~]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.1/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini [root@wanghualang ~]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.1/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@wanghualang ~]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
第十四步 配置PHP启动服务脚本、开机启动
[root@wanghualang ~]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.1/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@wanghualang ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@wanghualang ~]# chkconfig --add php-fpm [root@wanghualang ~]# chkconfig php-fpm on
第十五步 创建PHP测试网站根目录、测试页面
[root@wanghualang ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/test [root@wanghualang ~]# chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx/html/test [root@wanghualang ~]# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" > /usr/local/nginx/html/test/index.php
第十六步 配置Nginx
[root@wanghualang ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak [root@wanghualang ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#运行用户
user nginx nginx;
#工作进程
worker_processes auto;
#最大文件打开数
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
#进程PID
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
#错误日志
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log crit;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
#加载虚拟主机配置文件
include /usr/local/nginx/vhost/*.conf;
#文件扩展名与类型映射表
include mime.types;
#默认文件类型
default_type application/octet-stream;
#请求缓存
server_names_hash_bucket_size 512;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 50m;
#高效传输模式
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
#连接超时时间
keepalive_timeout 60;
#FastCGI优化
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
#开启GZIP压缩功能
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
#限制访问频率
#limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m;
#limit_conn_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m;
#隐藏响应header和错误通知中的版本号
server_tokens off;
access_log off;
}
第十七步 配置PHP测试网站虚拟主机
[root@wanghualang ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/vhost [root@wanghualang ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/vhost/test.conf
server {
#监听端口
listen 80;
#网站根目录
root /usr/local/nginx/html/test/;
#虚拟主机名称
server_name 192.168.168.21;
#网站主页排序
index index.php index.html index.htm default.php default.htm default.html;
#网站访问、错误日志
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/test.access.log;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/test.error.log;
#流量限制（网站最大并发数500|单IP访问最大并发数50|每个请求流量上限1024KB）
#limit_conn perserver 500;
#limit_conn perip 50;
#limit_rate 1024k;
#配置错误页面
#error_page 404 /404.html;
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#禁止访问文件和目录
location ~ ^/(\.user.ini|\.htaccess|\.git|\.svn|\.project|LICENSE|README.md) {
return 404;
}
#配置资源防盗链
location ~ .*\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|js|css)$ {
expires 30d;
access_log /dev/null;
valid_referers none blocked 192.168.168.21;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 404;
}
}
#配置图片资源缓存时间
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
expires 30d;
error_log off;
access_log /dev/null;
}
#设置样式资源缓存时间
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
expires 12h;
error_log off;
access_log /dev/null;
}
#解析PHP
location ~* \.php$ {
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
第十八步 启动Nginx、MySQL、PHP
[root@wanghualang ~]# service nginx start [root@wanghualang ~]# service mysqld start [root@wanghualang ~]# service php-fpm start
第十九步 测试PHP网站
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